Though typically self-limiting, measles may still cause dangerous complications in adults, particularly among older individuals with poor immune response.

According to the Ministry of Health, infectious diseases remain unpredictable globally, with measles, whooping cough, and influenza continuing to spread in many countries. In Vietnam, most diseases are under control, but measles cases remain high among children aged 11–15 and adults in several provinces and cities. Some elderly patients have died.

Since early this year, the Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases under Bach Mai Hospital has treated hundreds of measles patients aged 30 to over 50. Around 10–20% had serious complications, including several deaths in people with immune deficiency. Most of these patients had not received two full doses of the vaccine or could not recall their vaccination status.

Dr. Nguyen Quoc Thai from the institute said measles is an acute respiratory infection caused by a virus from the Paramyxoviridae family. It spreads easily through droplets from coughing, sneezing, or speaking, especially among unvaccinated children and adults with low immunity.

Besides persistent fever and rash, early symptoms include respiratory inflammation such as runny nose, sore throat, and cough. Many also develop red, irritated eyes with discharge.

In respiratory complications, patients may struggle to breathe or show low oxygen saturation. However, people with compromised immunity may not display typical signs. Even mild fever and rash can progress to respiratory failure, brain inflammation, or bleeding disorders, requiring intensive care.

Dr. Thai advised taking fever-reducing medicine and staying hydrated during high fever. For red eyes and discharge, use saline eye wash. Maintain respiratory hygiene with nasal rinses and saltwater gargles after meals and before bed.

Patients should drink fluids with electrolytes, eat well, and monitor their condition closely. Signs like breathlessness, agitation, or extreme fatigue may suggest respiratory complications and need immediate care.

“Vaccination is key,” Dr. Thai stressed. “Adults should receive the MMR vaccine to prevent measles and related complications. Those infected should wear masks to protect others, especially people with chronic illness or low immunity. Good hygiene and strong general health help boost resistance,” he added.

Measles outbreak remains complex, shows no signs of waning

VOV.VN - The measles outbreak remains complex in many localities across the country, with no signs of slowing down despite mass vaccination efforts.