The country is accelerating institutional reform to support digital technology development amid fast-evolving and increasingly complex transformation. The Politburo’s Resolution No. 57 underscores the need to establish a flexible and forward-looking and consistent legal framework for science, technology, innovation, and national digital transformation, one that enables experimentation under regulatory sandboxes while maintaining coherence and alignment.

This approach is reflected in several key legislative proposals currently under development, including the draft Law on the Digital Technology Industry, the Law on Personal Data Protection, the Law on Science, Technology and Innovation, and a decree guiding the enforcement of the Law on Data.

Speaking at the recent national scientific conference themed “Digital Economy, Law and Policy: A Driving Force for National Development in the New Era,” Pham Thuy Hanh, Deputy Director of the Government Office's Legal Department at the Government Office, noted the unprecedented urgency in legal reform. “We’re now revising multiple laws in parallel to ensure policies are aligned and actionable. This synchronized approach reduces delays and helps policies reach real-life implementation faster,” she said.

She also pointed out that legal development in this domain faces particular challenges due to its novelty and the absence of legal precedents. “We need to clearly define concepts such as technological autonomy, digital competitiveness, and digital enterprises on a par with global standards,” she said, while stressing the importance of identifying legal gaps and addressing them through swift and well-supervised regulatory experimentation.

Vietnam also faces intense policy competition from regional neighbors such as Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, who are introducing agile and investment-friendly frameworks to attract tech talent and innovation. “Our digital policies must be decisive and timely, otherwise, we risk losing out to regional competitors,” Hanh warned.

From an academic perspective, Associate Professor Do Minh Khoi of the University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City said that digital technologies are reshaping the relationship between the state, the market, and citizens.

He argued that while modern constitutionalism provides the foundation for democratic institutions and civil rights, digital dependency and private sector dominance, especially by global tech giants, pose new challenges to traditional power structures.

He underlined the need to “re-constitutionalize” the digital age, which includes redefining public-private boundaries, establishing new accountability standards, and strengthening legal safeguards for individual rights in cyberspace.

Experts agree that Vietnam must develop a consistent, long-term legal framework-one that is both adaptable to rapid technological shifts and robust enough to guide sustainable digital innovation.

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