Speaking to state TV from outside a ruined building, he asserted: "I am in Tripoli and not in Venezuela."
UK Foreign Minister William Hague had said he had seen information suggesting Col Gaddafi was on his way to Caracas.
Col Gaddafi's statement came after security forces and protesters clashed in the capital for a second night.
Witnesses say warplanes and helicopters fired on protesters in the city. To the west, sources said the army was fighting forces loyal to Col Gaddafi.
Earlier, the newly established General Committee for Defence said its forces would cleanse Libya of anti-government elements.
A statement described the protesters as "terrorist gangs made up mostly of misguided youths", who had been exploited and fed "hallucinogenic pills" by people following foreign agendas.
But Libya's diplomats at the United Nations in New York called for international intervention to stop the government's violent action against street demonstrations in their homeland.
Deputy Permanent Representative Ibrahim Dabbashi said Libyans had to be protected from "genocide", and urged the UN to impose a no-fly zone.
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