The decree targets violations in gold trading with a tiered sanction system. Warnings will apply to buying or selling gold bars from unlicensed credit institutions or enterprises, or using gold as payment. Repeated or multiple offences carry fines of VND10 - 20 million (US$384 - 768). The same range applies to failing to route gold transactions through required payment accounts.

Fines of VND30 - 50 million will be levied for not publicly displaying gold bar or jewelry prices, producing jewelry without declared standards or proper labeling, or making gold bars without disclosing standards, weight, purity or labeling requirements. Carrying gold across borders in breach of rules, excluding customs violations, will incur penalties of VND80 - 100 million.

More severe breaches face VND140 - 180 million in fines, including trading gold bars via authorised agents, violating gold position management rules, importing or exporting gold jewelry and materials outside registered business lines, producing or trading jewelry without required conditions, or processing jewelry without proper business registration.

Using imported raw gold for unapproved purposes or repeated agent-based gold bar trading will trigger VND200 - 250 million penalties. Operating gold bar production in violation of regulations carries VND250 - 300 million fines. The heaviest sanctions, VND300 - 400 million, apply to producing or trading gold bars without licenses, importing or exporting raw gold or bars without permits from competent agencies, or conducting other gold trading activities without required authorisation.

On foreign currency, individuals trading among themselves or at unauthorised agents face warnings for deals under US$1,000. Transactions of US$1,000 to under US$10,000 face VND10 - 20 million fines; US$10,000 to under US$100,000, VND20 - 30 million; and US$100,000 or more, VND80 - 100 million.

In capital contributions and share acquisitions, using non-charter or reserve funds in breach of the Law on Credit Institutions will result in VND100 - 150 million. Exceeding shareholding limits in other lenders or violating investment rules carries VND200 - 250 million, with more serious breaches up to VND250 - 300 million.

Fines for deposit-taking violations range from VND20 - 150 million. Procedural lapses in accepting or paying deposits face VND20 - 40 million fines, while taking deposits from ineligible parties draws VND100 - 150 million. Misleading or unclear postings of deposit rates or fees incur VND10 - 20 million penalties, while applying unlisted rates faces fines of VND20 - 40 million.

Corporate bond trading breaches include VND15 - 30 million for failing to monitor bond proceeds usage, and VND30 - 50 million for not using non-cash payments.

Graver offences, such as buying bonds without prior assessment, purchasing those issued for debt restructuring or capital increases, foreign branches acquiring convertible bonds, selling to subsidiaries outside mandated cases, or buying bonds with altered proceeds without internal ratings, face VND100 - 150 million fines.

The decree doubles fines for organisations versus individuals committing identical violations. For staff at people's credit funds or microfinance institutions, individual penalties are 10% of standard rates, with organisational fines doubled accordingly.

Six gold trading enterprises and banks fined

On May 30, the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) announced inspection results for six major gold trading units in the market: Sai Gon Jewelry Company (SJC), DOJI Jewelry Group, Phu Nhuan Jewelry Joint Stock Company (PNJ), Bao Tin Minh Chau, TPBank and Eximbank.