Syria talks produce election road map after Paris attacks
Russia, the United States and powers from Europe and the Middle East outlined a plan on November 14 for a political process in Syria leading to elections within two years, but differences remained on key issues such as President Bashar al-Assad's fate.
A day after gunmen and suicide bombers went on a rampage through Paris, killing at least 127 people, foreign ministers and senior officials from more than a dozen countries agreed to work for a ceasefire in Syria's civil war, but US Secretary of State John Kerry said it would not apply to Islamic State.
French President Francois Hollande pledged a "merciless response" to the attacks, which he said had been organized by the Islamist militant force. France is part of the US-led coalition carrying out air strikes against the group in Syria and Iraq.
Speaking in French after November 14's talks, which began with a moment's silence for the victims in Paris, Kerry told a joint news conference with his Russian counterpart that the attacks only strengthened his country's resolve to fight terrorism.
"The impact of the war bleeds into all of our nations," Kerry said. "It is time for the bleeding in Syria to stop."
The Paris attacks shifted the focus of negotiations in Vienna from the detail of which organizations would count as opposition groups rather than terrorist ones, and could therefore take part in a political solution in Syria, to defeating Islamic State militarily, diplomats said.
"I have a feeling that there is a growing recognition of the need to create an effective international coalition to fight Islamic State," Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told the joint news conference with Kerry and the UN envoy for Syria.
Russia has for weeks been carrying out air strikes in Syria in support of Assad's forces. But Western powers say those strikes have mainly targeted armed groups other than Islamic State, such as pro-Western rebel militias.
On November 14, Russia and the United States seemed to turn a blind eye to their long-standing disagreement over Assad's fate. The West and its allies say he must leave office, while Moscow and Tehran support elections in which he could stand.
In a joint statement, the countries involved in the talks, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey and the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, laid out a plan including formal talks between the government and opposition by Jan. 1.